Safe Zonisamide Dosage for Dogs: What Vets Recommend

What Is Zonisamide?

Zonisamide is a prescription anticonvulsant and anti-seizure medication used for preventing and managing seizures in both dogs and cats. Though it’s typically used in humans, veterinarians often prescribe it for pets, especially when other treatments fall short. It works by stabilizing the brain’s electrical activity, which helps in preventing seizures. This can be especially helpful when combined with other anti-seizure medications like phenobarbital, making it a powerful option in managing chronic seizure conditions.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

While zonisamide is not FDA-approved specifically for veterinary use, it is commonly prescribed under extra-label circumstances. This means that veterinarians can legally use it in animals, as long as they believe it will benefit the pet. The medication’s effectiveness, particularly when used in combination with other drugs, helps pets regain stability and manage their conditions. It’s important to note that the exact mechanism of zonisamide in the brain is still not fully understood, but its ability to balance the movement of certain ions and stabilize electrical activity has made it a trusted option for seizure management. 

How Zonisamide Works

Zonisamide is an anticonvulsant that affects the brain by rebalancing the movement of key ions like sodium and chloride. These ions are essential for conducting electric charges in the nervous system, allowing it to function properly. By stabilizing the flow of these ions, zonisamide helps stabilize electrical activity in the brain, effectively preventing seizures. Though its exact mechanism isn’t fully understood, it’s theorized that it influences neurotransmitters like serotonin and dopamine, which can also play a role in regulating brain function.

When prescribed to dogs, zonisamide may be used alongside other anti-seizure medications like phenobarbital to enhance its effects. While zonisamide is FDA-approved for human use under brand names like Zonegran® and Zonisade®, it is not specifically approved as a veterinary medication. However, veterinarians often use it off-label or extra-label for pets, ensuring that the benefits outweigh any potential risks. In some cases, compounded medications may be prepared to meet specific health needs, especially if a pet has trouble taking pills or if the required dosage strength isn’t commercially available.

Zonisamide is often a go-to option for pets that are difficult to treat with standard therapies, and veterinarians may opt for a compounded formulation when traditional FDA-approved drugs aren’t suitable. This allows the medication to be tailored to a pet’s unique condition, offering a more customized treatment plan. With the right approach, zonisamide can significantly improve the quality of life for pets suffering from seizures or other neurological conditions.

 

Zonisamide Directions

When giving zonisamide to your dog, it’s crucial to follow the drug label and the direct instructions from your veterinarian. Typically, the medication is given either once or twice daily, depending on your dog’s specific needs. If your pet experiences any digestive upset, it may help to administer the medication with food or a small meal to ease digestion.

The veterinarian will prescribe the appropriate dosage based on the dog’s species, size, and health condition. It’s important to stick to the prescribed schedule and consult your veterinarian if you notice any issues or changes in your pet’s condition while on the medication. Always follow their recommendations for the best results.

For a deeper look into other seizure medications, explore Simplicef 100mg for Dogs Guide.

What is the typical dosage of zonisamide for dogs, and how is it given?

The typical dosage of zonisamide for dogs is determined based on their weight and overall health condition. The starting dosage is usually 5 mg per kilogram of body weight, which is given twice daily, approximately every 12 hours. This helps to gradually introduce the medication and assess how your dog responds to it. However, for dogs that require additional seizure control, higher dosages might be prescribed, ranging from 7 mg, 10 mg, to even 50 mg or 100 mg per dose, depending on the severity of the condition.

If your dog has difficulty swallowing capsules, a compounded liquid version of zonisamide can be prescribed. It’s important to follow the veterinarian’s guidance closely when it comes to seizure medications like zonisamide, especially if it is combined with other treatments like phenobarbital to manage the seizures better. Monitoring your dog’s tolerance to the drug is key, as long-term treatment may require adjustments.

For dosage information for other medications, see Clavamox Dosage for Dogs: How Much is Too Much.

When giving zonisamide, especially to a pregnant dog, extra caution is necessary. This medication should not be given to pregnant dogs as it could lead to congenital disabilities. If you are handling the medication, always wear gloves and ensure to wash your hands thoroughly afterward to avoid any accidental exposure.

• Starting dosage: 5 mg per kg of body weight, given twice daily

• Higher dosages: Can range from 7 mg to 100 mg, depending on the severity of the condition

• Compounded liquid: An option for dogs who have trouble swallowing capsules

• Seizure medications combination: Can be used with phenobarbital for enhanced seizure control

• Handling precautions: Wear gloves and wash your hands after handling medication, especially for pregnant dogs.

What if I miss giving my pet the medication, or my shipment is late?

If you accidentally miss a dose of zonisamide, it’s important to give it as soon as you remember, but only if it’s not too close to the next dose. If you’re nearing the scheduled time for the next dose, it’s better to skip the missed dose and return to your regular dosing schedule. Never give your pet two doses at once to make up for a missed dose, as this can cause potential issues for your dog.

If your shipment is late, contact your veterinarian or the supplier immediately to avoid any gaps in treatment. Consistent and timely administration of zonisamide is crucial for maintaining its effectiveness in controlling your dog’s condition. Ensure that you stay on top of the dosing and make arrangements as soon as possible to avoid disruptions in your pet’s care.

For advice on missed doses and medication schedules, check out Accurate Doxycycline Dosage Chart for Dogs.

Zonisamide Possible Side Effects

As with most seizure medications, zonisamide can cause a range of side effects in dogs. One of the more common reactions is drowsiness, where your dog may become overly sleepy or lethargic. This can lead to a noticeable drop in their energy levels and activity. In some cases, vomiting, diarrhea, and a loss of appetite may also occur, which can be unsettling for both the pet and the owner.

More serious side effects could include the yellowing of the eyes or skin, a sign that there might be liver complications. Additionally, incoordination can sometimes occur, affecting your dog’s ability to walk or move properly. It’s important to closely monitor your dog while they’re on zonisamide and report any concerning changes in behavior or physical condition to your veterinarian.

To learn about side effects of other medications, check out Side Effects of Vetoryl for Dogs.

Human Side Effects

Zonisamide is a prescription medication that can cause side effects in humans, similar to those seen in pets. If humans accidentally ingest pet medication, the dosages may not align with human needs, leading to potential complications. Common side effects for humans include dizziness, headaches, and gastrointestinal issues. It’s important to always store zonisamide securely to prevent accidental ingestion, especially in households with children or pets, and to adhere strictly to the prescribed dosages to avoid these risks.

For more on human side effects related to pet medications, read Pregabalin for Dogs: Safe or Dangerous?.

What are the common side effects of zonisamide in dogs?

• Sedation: Dogs may become overly sleepy or drowsy while taking zonisamide, making them less active or alert than usual.

• Ataxia: This results in a clumsy gait, causing your dog to walk unsteadily or lose coordination.

• Incoordination: Dogs may experience difficulty in moving normally, which could affect their ability to walk or run.

• Lack of appetite: Zonisamide can lead to a decrease in your dog’s interest in food, which could lead to weight loss if not monitored.

• Vomiting: Some dogs may experience vomiting as a result of taking the medication, making them feel uncomfortable.

• Medication with food: To reduce the likelihood of these side effects, it’s recommended to administer zonisamide with food to help prevent vomiting and reduce the impact on appetite.

What are the most serious risks of zonisamide for dogs?

The most serious risks of zonisamide for dogs include hepatopathy or liver disease, which is considered life-threatening but occurs in less than 1% of dogs treated with the medication. Though rare, it’s essential to monitor your dog’s liver function, as this could lead to severe complications if not addressed promptly. Another severe risk is the potential development of kidney disease, which can cause issues such as kidney or bladder stones. This has also been reported in dogs using zonisamide, though it remains uncommon.

Dogs that are allergic to sulfonamide medications may experience an increased risk of an allergic reaction to zonisamide. This can cause symptoms ranging from mild irritation to more severe reactions, so it’s important to consult your veterinarian if you have any concerns about your dog’s sensitivity to this medication. For pregnant dogs, zonisamide should not be given as it can lead to heart defects in their puppies, making it critical to avoid its use during pregnancy.

f you’re concerned about other severe medication risks, explore Naproxen for Dogs: Pros, Cons, and Safe Alternatives.

Are there any potential side effects?

•   Sedation: Dogs may become overly sleepy or drowsy while on zonisamide.
•   Incoordination while walking: Pets might have difficulty walking, experiencing unsteadiness or stumbling.
•   Vomiting: Some dogs may vomit as a result of the medication.
•   Lack of appetite: Zonisamide can cause dogs to lose interest in food, leading to decreased appetite.
•   Yellowing of the skin, gums, or whites of the eyes: Rare but severe side effects, often indicating liver problems.
•   Liver disease: Long-term use of zonisamide may contribute to liver complications in some dogs.
•   Urinary stones: Another rare side effect, which can cause discomfort or difficulty urinating.
•   Aggression: Changes in behavior, including aggression, may occur in some dogs on this medication.
•   Inappetence: A specific loss of interest in food, similar to a lack of appetite.
•   Diarrhea: Digestive upset, such as diarrhea, can sometimes happen.
•   Sleepiness: Dogs may become excessively sleepy or lethargic while on the medication.
•   Short-acting effects: The effects typically last about 24 hours in dogs, but cats may experience zonisamide effects for up to 48 hours.
•   Side effects lasting 1-2 days: If side effects persist beyond 1-2 days after discontinuation, it’s important to consult with a vet.
•   Decreased liver or kidney function: If your pet has pre-existing issues with liver or kidney function, zonisamide might exacerbate these conditions.

Are there any risk factors for this medication?

• Hypersensitive or allergic dogs to zonisamide or sulfonamide drugs

• Dogs with existing liver disease

• Pregnant or breeding dogs

• Nursing dogs, as zonisamide may be excreted in maternal milk

Are there any drug interactions I should be aware of?

One important drug interaction to be aware of when using zonisamide is with phenobarbital. When both medications are used together, phenobarbital can cause zonisamide to be cleared from the body more quickly. This may mean that higher doses of zonisamide could be required to achieve the desired effect. Additionally, phenobarbital doses may need to be decreased to ensure that the combination doesn’t lead to any unwanted side effects. This interaction can persist for up to 10 weeks after phenobarbital use is discontinued.

It’s also important to inform your veterinarian about any other medications, vitamins, supplements, or herbal therapies your pet is taking, as they may also interact with zonisamide. These substances can sometimes affect how well the medication works or cause unexpected reactions. Be sure to follow your veterinarian’s advice and adjust treatments as needed to maintain your pet’s health and safety.

Is there any monitoring that needs to be done with this medication?

When your pet is on zonisamide, the veterinarian needs to monitor their condition closely. This includes checking blood levels of zonisamide to ensure that the medication is within the effective range. Additionally, your veterinarian will track any potential adverse effects and assess the occurrence of seizures while the medication is being used, helping to determine how well it is working.

If your dog begins to show signs like stopping eating, becoming lethargic, or developing a yellow color in their skin, gums, or the whites of their eyes, it’s crucial to contact your veterinarian immediately. These symptoms may indicate complications, and prompt action is necessary to avoid any further issues.

Zonisamide Overdose Information

If zonisamide is accidentally ingested in large quantities, it can lead to an overdose, which may cause serious symptoms. Common signs include lethargy, incoordination, vomiting, diarrhea, and loss of appetite. More severe symptoms like yellowing of the eyes or skin, and dry eye can also appear. If you suspect an overdose, it’s crucial to act quickly.

In such cases, you should immediately contact your veterinarian or seek emergency veterinary care. Time is of the essence, and you may also consider contacting an animal poison control center for further guidance. The sooner treatment is initiated, the better the chances of preventing any serious harm to your pet.

Zonisamide Storage

To ensure zonisamide remains effective, it should be stored at controlled temperatures around 77°F. Brief exposure to temperatures ranging from 59–86°F is acceptable, but it’s essential to confirm these storage temperatures by checking the label. Improper storage can reduce the medication’s effectiveness or cause it to degrade.

Keep the container tightly closed to protect its contents from moisture and light, which could compromise the quality of the medication. If you have compounded medications, they should also be stored according to the specific instructions on the compounding pharmacy’s label. Finally, always ensure that the medication is kept out of reach of both children and pets to avoid accidental ingestion.